Originating in the Caucusus region near the border between Europe and Asia, the Caucasian Ovcharka has been used for many centuries to guard livestock from predators. Powerfully built and intensely protective, they are one of the only breeds known to fight and kill wolves. Historically they were also used for property protection, and as hunting dogs. The name Ovcharka means shepherd or sheep dog in Russian, but this can be misleading. This breed does not herd as other shepherds do, but stands alert and ready to defend the flock as they move across the landscape.

When the region came under Soviet control, many Ovcharkas were brought to Russia for use as guard and police dogs. The Russian breeding program focused on producing dogs of large size with long, thick, double- layered coats to withstand the severe winter conditions. This style of Caucasian is known as Mountain or Bear type, and was used extensively to guard Siberian labor camps as well as the Berlin Wall. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, the breed started to spread around the world and is becoming well known in the west.

Although highly regarded for their aggressive and guarding nature, Caucasian Ovcharkas are also prized for the loyal and affectionate bonds they form with their owners and families. They are generally very good with children, but as with any large puppy, they can be clumsy and should be trained very early not to jump and push. Young Ovcharkas can be quite trainable as long as the owner is very firm, consistent, and above all patient. However, even a well- trained Ovcharka will rarely be completely submissive or blindly follow orders. They are truly a thinking dog and they have been bred to rely on their own instincts for survival. This is why anyone who wishes to successfully own and train an Ovcharka must always be a firm and fair leader who is committed to understanding the dog’s motivations as well as his fears or emotional triggers. Caucasian Ovcharkas are valued for their outstanding guarding abilities and aggressive protectiveness. Therefore, good training is essential.

All young puppies are energetic and need regular exercise. Adult Ovcharkas however are generally low energy dogs. They prefer to find a lookout post and relax there watching and waiting with their noses to the wind. At the first sign of danger, this seemingly lethargic dog bursts into action with speed and ferocity.

For more information on the history and temperament of this ancient breed, I highly recommend visiting:
Caucasian Ovcharka Working Dog Club of America at www.cowdca.org/breed-history

Download the Caucasian-Shepherd Dog FCI International Standards (PDF)